Recent experiments in vivo and in vitro have advanced our understanding of the sites and
mechanisms involved in mammalian respiratory rhythm generation. Here we evaluate and …

The cellular and circuit mechanisms generating the rhythm of breathing in mammals have
been under intense investigation for decades. Here, we try to integrate the key discoveries …

In all mammalian species, breathing is controlled by a neuronal network within the lower
brainstem. A component known as the ventral respiratory group produces rhythmic activity …

The in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation of newborn rats is an established model for
the analysis of respiratory network functions. Respiratory activity is generated by …

The primary function of respiration is to exchange gases between the external environment
and the internal milieu of the organism. Gas exchange occurs through coordinated action of …

The respiratory pattern generator modulates the sympathetic outflow, the strength of which is
enhanced by challenges produced by hypoxia. This coupling is due to the respiratory …

Rybak, Ilya A., Julian FR Paton, and James S. Schwaber. Modeling neural mechanisms for
genesis of respiratory rhythm and pattern. II. Network models of the central respiratory …

We have shown previously that the inactivation of the zinc finger gene Krox-20 affects
hindbrain segmentation, resulting in the elimination of rhombomeres 3 and 5. We …

This review summarizes the current understanding of the neurotransmitters and
neuromodulators that are involved, firstly, in respiratory rhythm and pattern generation …

Key points Repolarizing currents through K+ channels are essential for proper sinoatrial
node (SAN) pacemaking, but the influence of intracellular Ca2+ on repolarization in the SAN …