The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the human heart. It is a single,
elongated, 3-dimensional (3D) intramural fibrotic structure located at the junction of the …

The purpose of this review is to determine the causal mechanisms and treatment of
inappropriate sinoatrial tachycardia (IST), defined as a non-physiological elevation in resting …

Background An understanding of normal atrial activation during sinus rhythm can inform
catheter ablation strategies to avoid deleterious impacts of ablation lesions on atrial …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is a complex structure that spontaneously depolarizes
rhythmically (" pacing") and excites the surrounding non-automatic cardiac cells (" drive") to …

Background: Low-voltage areas (LVA) can be located exclusively at either the endocardium
or epicardium. This has only been demonstrated for bipolar voltages, but the value of …

Background Recently, our laboratory presented functional and molecular evidence for the
presence of 2 competing sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemakers in healthy human and rat …

Progression of AF is accompanied by structural and electrical remodelling, resulting in
complex electrical conduction disorders. This is defined as electropathology and it increases …

The human sinoatrial node (SAN) is an elongated 3-dimensional (3D) fibrotic structure
located intramurally along the crista terminalis (CT). 1 During sinus rhythm, electrical …

Background Low-level vagus nerve stimulation through the tragus (tLLVNS) is increasingly
acknowledged as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat atrial fibrillation. However, a …

Background: Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and atrial tachyarrhythmias frequently co-exist
in the aging patient with congenital heart disease (CHD), even after surgical correction early …