Many biological systems have critical periods that overlap with the age of maternal
provisioning via placenta or lactation. As such, they serve as conduits for phenotypic …

The process of sperm production is well understood, but the studies of essential nutritional
elements which are necessary for successful spermatogenesis are not deeply studied as …

Extensive epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that a sub‐optimal
environment during fetal and neonatal development in both humans and animals may …

Compelling epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that a suboptimal
environment during fetal and neonatal development in both humans and animals may …

The current study was designed to examine the actions of a model endocrine disruptor on
embryonic testis development and male fertility. Pregnant rats (F0) that received a transient …

All important developmental milestones are accomplished during the fetal stage, and
nutrient fluctuation during this stage produces lasting effects on offspring health, so called …

Key points Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy increases both maternal and
offspring oxidative stress and leads to metabolic dysfunction. Maternal low protein diet …

Recent studies demonstrate long‐term programming of function of specific organ systems
resulting from suboptimal environments during fetal life and development up to weaning …

The recent growth of interest in developmental programming of physiological systems has
generally focused on the cardiovascular system (especially hypertension) and …

Human epidemiological and animal laboratory studies show that suboptimal environments
in the womb and during early neonatal life alter development and predispose the individual …