The stringent response is a stress signalling system mediated by the alarmones guanosine
tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) in response to nutrient …

Eukaryotic cells can initiate several distinct programmes of self-destruction, and the nature of
the cell death process (non-inflammatory or proinflammatory) instructs responses of …

There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after
it was first detected. The causative agents, legionellae, are freshwater bacteria with a …

Most bacterial pathogens have the remarkable ability to flourish in the external environment
and in specialized host niches. This ability requires their metabolism, physiology, and …

Bacteria of the genus Legionella are natural pathogens of amoebae that can cause a severe
pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires' Disease. Human disease results from inhalation …

The genus Legionella contains more than 50 species, of which at least 24 have been
associated with human infection. The best-characterized member of the genus, Legionella …

Practical Handbook of Microbiology, 4th edition provides basic, clear and concise
knowledge and practical information about working with microorganisms. Useful to anyone …

Water is the major natural reservoir for legionellae, and the bacteria are found worldwide in
many different natural and artificial aquatic environments, such as cooling towers, water …

Infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of human
populations. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that this problem should …

Like for all microbes, the goal of every pathogen is to survive and replicate. However, to
overcome the formidable defenses of their hosts, pathogens are also endowed with traits …