In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

Autophagy is a regulated mechanism that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular
components and recycles metabolic substrates. In response to stress signals in the tumour …

Purpose To provide guidance to clinicians regarding therapy for patients with brain
metastases from solid tumors. Methods ASCO convened an Expert Panel and conducted a …

A variety of targeted anticancer agents have been successfully introduced into clinical
practice, largely reflecting their ability to inhibit specific molecular alterations that are …

Autophagy allows for cellular material to be delivered to lysosomes for degradation resulting
in basal or stress-induced turnover of cell components that provide energy and …

Autophagy is a mechanism by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomes for
degradation, leading to the basal turnover of cell components and providing energy and …

Autophagy is a conserved, self‐degradation system that is critical for maintaining cellular
homeostasis during stress conditions. Dysregulated autophagy has implications in health …

In recent years, accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically
regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis. Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have …

Autophagy is a cellular survival mechanism that is induced by cancer therapy, among other
stresses, and frequently contributes to cancer cell survival during long periods of dormancy …

Radiotherapy is one of the major cancer treatment strategies. Exposure to penetrating
radiation causes cellular stress, directly or indirectly, due to the generation of reactive …