The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of
models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in …

Medical progress has historically depended on scientific discoveries. Until recently, science
was driven by technological advancements that, once translated to the clinic, fostered new …

The placenta and fetal membrane act as a protective barrier throughout pregnancy while
maintaining communication and nutrient exchange between the baby and the mother …

Pathophysiology of chronic neurodegeneration is mainly based on complex mechanisms
related to aberrant signal transduction, excitation/inhibition imbalance, excitotoxicity …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical component of the central nervous system that
protects neurons and other cells of the brain parenchyma from potentially harmful …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of debilitating pathologies in which neuronal
tissue dies due to the buildup of neurotoxic plaques, resulting in detrimental effects on …

Tight junctions (TJs) between blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells construct a robust
physical barrier, whose damage underlies BBB dysfunctions related to several …

Immune responses are heavily involved in the regulation and pathogenesis of human
diseases, including infectious diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, cancer …

Microfluidics is a highly useful platform for culturing, monitoring, and testing biological cells.
The integration of electrodes into microfluidic channels extends the functionality, sensing …

Non-human animals represent a large and important feature in the history of biomedical
research. The validity of their use, in terms of reproducible outcomes and translational …