Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of
lipids, smooth muscle cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, necrosis, fibrosis, and local …

Outliers are also referred to as abnormalities, discordants, deviants, or anomalies in the data
mining and statistics literature. In most applications, the data is created by one or more …

Cardiovascular complications due to accelerated arterial stiffening and atherosclerosis are
the leading cause of morbimortality in Western society. Both pathologies are frequently …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arterial wall where both innate and adaptive
immunoinflammatory mechanisms are involved. Inflammation is central at all stages of …

Inflammatory cytokines are necessary for an acute response to injury and the progressive
healing process. However, when this acute response does not resolve and becomes …

Vascular calcification is a common finding in atherosclerosis and a serious problem in
diabetic and uremic patients. Because of the correlation of hyperphosphatemia and vascular …

Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates diverse biological functions. OPN
is involved in normal physiological processes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a …

Vascular calcification, long thought to result from passive degeneration, involves a complex,
regulated process of biomineralization resembling osteogenesis. Evidence indicates that …

Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Vascular calcification is a common complication in CKD, and investigators …

Atherothrombosis is a complex disease in which cholesterol deposition, inflammation, and
thrombus formation play a major role. Rupture of high-risk, vulnerable plaques is …