There has always been a steady interest in how humans make decisions amongst
researchers from various fields. Based on this interest, many approaches such as rational …

This paper provides a systematic yet accessible presentation of the Contextuality-by-Default
theory. The consideration is confined to finite systems of categorical random variables …

Contextual situations are those in which seemingly'the same'random variable changes its
identity depending on the conditions under which it is recorded. Such a change of identity is …

The paper outlines a new development in the Contextuality-by-Default theory as applied to
finite systems of binary random variables. The logic and principles of the original theory …

We discuss foundational issues of quantum information biology (QIB)—one of the most
successful applications of the quantum formalism outside of physics. QIB provides a multi …

Cromwell's rule (also known as the zero priors paradox) refers to the constraint of classical
probability theory that if one assigns a prior probability of 0 or 1 to a hypothesis, then the …

The paper starts with an introduction to the basic mathematical model of classical probability
(CP), ie the Kolmogorov (1933) measure-theoretic model. Its two basic interpretations are …

This paper contributes to quantum-like modeling of decision making (DM) under uncertainty
through application of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle (in the form of the Robertson …

This review paper has three main goals. First, to discuss a contextual neurophysiologically
plausible model of neural oscillators that reproduces some of the features of quantum …

Contextuality, the impossibility of assigning a single random variable to represent the
outcomes of the same measurement procedure under different experimental conditions, is a …