Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is one of six known
mechanisms employed by solid tumors to recruit blood vessels necessary for their initiation …

Chemokines are a family of small, secreted cytokines which regulate a variety of cell
functions. The CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) binds to CXC chemokine receptor …

It is generally accepted that recent advances in anticancer agents have contributed
significantly to the improvement of both the disease-free survival and quality of life in cancer …

Breast cancer cells disseminate through TIE2/MENACalc/MENAINV-dependent cancer cell
intravasation sites, called tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM), which are …

Integrins are vital surface adhesion receptors that mediate interactions between the
extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells and are essential for cell migration and the …

Recent pre-clinical and clinical research has provided evidence that cancer progression is
driven not only by a tumour's underlying genetic alterations and paracrine interactions within …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only plays a pivotal role during cancer progression
and metastasis but also has profound effects on therapeutic efficacy. In the case of …

Chemotherapy is the first-tier treatment regime for gastric cancer (GC) patients at advance
stages. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cam affect drug-resistance of GC cells in tumor …

Tumor relapse after chemotherapy-induced regression is a major clinical problem, because
it often involves inoperable metastatic disease. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are …

Tumours require a vascular supply to grow and can achieve this via the expression of pro-
angiogenic growth factors, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor …