Honeybees contradict the notion that insect behaviour tends to be relatively inflexible and
stereotypical. Indeed, they live in colonies and exhibit complex social, navigational and …

With less than a million neurons, the western honeybee Apis mellifera is capable of complex
olfactory behaviors and provides an ideal model for investigating the neurophysiology of the …

The insect mushroom bodies (MBs) are paired brain centers which, like the mammalian
hippocampus, have a prominent function in learning and memory. Despite convergent …

The dramatic loss of honey bees is a major concern worldwide. Previous studies have
indicated that neonicotinoid insecticides cause behavioural abnormalities and have proven …

Increasing evidence suggests small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs
(miRNAs) control levels of mRNA expression during experience-related remodelling of the …

The insect mushroom bodies are higher-order brain centers and critical for odor learning.
We investigated experience dependent plasticity of their intrinsic neurons, the Kenyon cells …

As well as sugars to entice pollinators, nectar contains many other chemicals including
amino acids and plant secondary compounds such as phenolics, alkaloids, and glycosides …

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are dietary components participating in
neurotransmission and cell signaling. Pollen is a source of PUFAs for honeybees, and …

Memory formation is a continuous process composed of multiple phases that can develop
independently from each other. These phases depend on signaling pathways initiated after …

The formation of a stable olfactory memory requires activity within several brain regions. The
honeybee provides a valuable model to map complex olfactory learning tasks onto certain …