The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), identified as the first human oncogenic
retrovirus 30 years ago, is not an ubiquitous virus. HTLV-1 is present throughout the world …

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell
leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infection and often occurs in HTLV-1-endemic areas, such as …

Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) is an oncoretrovirus that infects at least 10 million
people worldwide. HTLV-1 exhibits a remarkable genetic stability, however, viral strains …

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a
novel herpesvirus implicated as the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary …

Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus that has been recognized as a causative
agent of two crucidal diseases, HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis …

In 2012, the number of people infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
was estimated to be 10 million worldwide. Prevalence varies according to geographic …

We estimated that at least 5–10 million individuals are infected with HTLV-1. Importantly, this
number is based on the study of nearly 1.5 billion people living in known human T-cell …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is linked to adult T-cell leukemia-
lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis …

Despite development of preventive and controlling strategies regarding infectious diseases,
they are still considered as one of the most significant leading causes of morbidity and …

Background Human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) is a retrovirus that is endemic in
some regions of the world. It is known to cause several diseases like adult T‐cell leukemia …