The paper aims to review recent advances regarding the observational and monitoring
capabilities of the ionization conditions in the Earth's upper atmosphere. The analysis spans …

Vertical total electron content (VTEC) has great importance in describing the ionosphere.
VTEC values are commonly distributed in regular grids by means of so‐called global …

In this work, we use a new version of the Disturbance Ionosphere Index (DIX) to evaluate
ionospheric disturbances over the Brazilian region during two intense geomagnetic storms …

During disturbed periods, E region electric fields can cause anomalous Es layer behavior,
which is observed in the digital ionosonde data. To investigate the influence of these electric …

This work uses the Disturbance Ionosphere indeX (DIX) to evaluate the ionospheric
responses to equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) events from 2013 to 2020 over the Brazilian …

In this study, we present the results of an analysis of the morphological features of Equatorial
Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) over South America. In this context, we analyzed data from the …

Ionospheric delay is of concern for trans-ionospheric radio communication, especially for the
navigation systems relying on these satellite signals. Most of the ionospheric delays are …

Anomalous or perturbed ionospheric conditions can have adverse consequences for many
space-related applications, including global navigation satellite and communication …

The determination of the ionospheric perturbation degree is essential to describe the
ionosphere state for space weather monitoring. A new method for estimating the spatial and …

This study examines the variability of the ionospheric content during the period around the
2015 Saint Patrick magnetic storm and when equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are …