Basic and clinical studies demonstrate that stress and depression are associated with
atrophy and loss of neurons and glia, which contribute to the decreased size and function of …

Currently available medications have significant limitations, most notably low response rate
and time lag for treatment response. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that …

Context Existing therapies for bipolar depression have a considerable lag of onset of action.
Pharmacological strategies that produce rapid antidepressant effects—for instance, within a …

The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
(BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood …

NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction has emerged as a common theme in several major
nervous system disorders, including ischemic brain injury, chronic neurodegenerative …

BACKGROUND: Chromatin remodeling, including changes in histone acetylation, might
play a role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. We investigated whether the …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signalling molecule and a neurotransmitter that plays
an important role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological …

Genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors are involved in the etiology and course of the
major psychoses (MP), ie major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) …

A growing body of data suggests that hyperactivation of the immune system has been
implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several pro …

Autophagy is a vital lysosomal degradation and recycling pathway in the eukaryotic cell,
responsible for maintaining an intricate balance between cell survival and cell death …