Hypoparathyroidism is a disease characterized by inadequately low circulating
concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in low calcium levels and increased …

Exercise perturbs homeostasis, alters the levels of circulating mediators and hormones, and
increases the demand by skeletal muscles and other vital organs for energy substrates …

Case reports and case series are uncontrolled study designs known for increased risk of
bias but have profoundly influenced the medical literature and continue to advance our …

Refractory shock is a lethal manifestation of cardiovascular failure defined by an inadequate
hemodynamic response to high doses of vasopressor medications. Approximately 7% of …

The aim of this clinical narrative review is to summarize and critically appraise the literature
on the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia and to provide its correct management …

Despite the high prevalence of nutrition disorders in patients with heart failure (HF), major
HF guidelines lack specific nutrition recommendations. Because of the lack of standardized …

Macronutrients and trace elements are important components of living tissues that have
different metabolic properties and functions. Trace elements participate in the regulation of …

Background: Vasoplegic syndrome (VPS) is defined as systemic hypotension due to
profound vasodilatation and loss of systemic vascular resistance (SVR), despite normal or …

Background Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by
hypocalcemia and low or undetectable levels of parathyroid hormone. Methods This review …

Background Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a major complication of patients undergoing
hemodialysis (HD). Upacicalcet, a new injectable calcimimetic, acts on calcium-sensing …