In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal
activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

As the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia orchestrate
immune responses and dynamically sculpt neural circuits in the CNS. Microglial dysfunction …

We developed a miniaturized two-photon microscope (MINI2P) for fast, high-resolution,
multiplane calcium imaging of over 1,000 neurons at a time in freely moving mice. With a …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable optical recording of electrical signals
in the brain, providing subthreshold sensitivity and temporal resolution not possible with …

Predictive processing postulates the existence of prediction error neurons in cortex. Neurons
with both negative and positive prediction error response properties have been identified in …

Fiber photometry enables recording of population neuronal calcium dynamics in awake
mice. While the popularity of fiber photometry has grown in recent years, it remains unclear …

Recent advances in fluorescence imaging permit large-scale recording of neural activity and
dynamics of neurochemical release with unprecedented resolution in behaving animals …

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are powerful tools used to track chemical
processes in intact biological systems. However, the development and optimization of …

As animals explore an environment, the hippocampus is thought to automatically form and
maintain a place code by combining sensory and self-motion signals. Instead, we observed …