Degradation of mitochondria via a selective form of autophagy, named mitophagy, is a
fundamental mechanism conserved from yeast to humans that regulates mitochondrial …

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical …

Calcium (Ca2+) functions as a second messenger that is critical in regulating fundamental
physiological functions such as cell growth/development, cell survival, neuronal …

Mitochondria are best known for harboring pathways involved in ATP synthesis through the
tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Major advances in understanding …

Mitochondrion harbors its own DNA (mtDNA), which encodes many critical proteins for the
assembly and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. mtDNA is packed by many …

Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis, are
required for normal cell turnover and tissue homeostasis. Mis-regulation of PCD is …

Cancers often evade immune surveillance by adopting peripheral tissue–tolerance
mechanisms, such as the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), the …

Mitochondria play key roles in activating apoptosis in mammalian cells. Bcl-2 family
members regulate the release of proteins from the space between the mitochondrial inner …

Programmed cell death is a distinct genetic and biochemical pathway essential to
metazoans. An intact death pathway is required for successful embryonic development and …

Tissue homeostasis is regulated by apoptosis, the cell-suicide programme that is executed
by proteases called caspases. The Bcl2 family of intracellular proteins is the central …