As the eye's main load-bearing connective tissue, the sclera is centrally important to vision.
In addition to cooperatively maintaining refractive status with the cornea, the sclera must …

Intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) is based on the doctrine proposed by Monroe and
Kellie centuries ago. With the advancement of technology and science, various invasive and …

Visual impairment intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome is considered an unexplained
major risk for future long-duration spaceflight. NASA recently redefined this syndrome as …

Vascular dysregulation refers to the regulation of blood flow that is not adapted to the needs
of the respective tissue. We distinguish primary vascular dysregulation (PVD, formerly called …

Papilledema is optic nerve head edema secondary to raised intracranial pressure (ICP). It is
distinct from other causes of optic disk edema in that visual function is usually normal in the …

Purpose To identify intraorbital and intracranial abnormalities in astronauts previously
exposed to microgravity by using quantitative and qualitative magnetic resonance (MR) …

The current study aimed to identify whether ultrasonographic measurements of optic nerve
sheath diameter (ONSD) could dynamically and sensitively evaluate real-time intracranial …

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important cause of secondary brain injury, and a
measurement of ICP is often of crucial value in neurosurgical and neurological patients. The …

Abstract Background and Purpose Reported cutoff values of the optic nerve sheath diameter
(ONSD) for the diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) are inconsistent. This …

Importance The crtierion standard method for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) can
result in complications and pain. Hence, noninvasive, repeatable methods would be …