Protein and peptide therapeutics require parenteral administration, which can be a deterrent
to medication adherence. For this reason, there have been extensive efforts to develop …

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides (fewer than 30 amino acids) that have
been predominantly used in basic and preclinical research during the last 30 years. Since …

Chitosan, which is derived from chitin, is the only known natural alkaline cationic polymer.
Chitosan is a biological material that can significantly improve the living standard of the …

Oral administration is the most commonly used route for drug delivery owing to its cost-
effectiveness, ease of administration, and high patient compliance. However, the absorption …

Colon targeted drug delivery systems have gained a great deal of attention as potential
carriers for the local treatment of colonic diseases with reduced systemic side effects and …

Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts
lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of metabolic disorders that are characterized by
hyperglycemia. Oral subcutaneously administered antidiabetic drugs such as insulin …

Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong metabolic disease that requires frequent subcutaneous
injections of insulin. However, this method of administration can be associated with patient …

The selective infiltration of cell membranes and tissue barriers often blocks the entry of most
active molecules. This natural defense mechanism prevents the invasion of exogenous …

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defective insulin
secretion or its biological dysfunction. However, frequent subcutaneous injection of insulin …