As the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases, it brings great suffering
to their families and causes a heavy socioeconomic burden to society. A vast amount of …

Neurodegenerative diseases pose a substantial socioeconomic burden on society.
Unfortunately, the aging world population and lack of effective cures foreshadow a negative …

Nitric oxide (NO) works as a retrograde neurotransmitter in synapses, allows the brain blood
flow and also has important roles in intracellular signaling in neurons from the regulation of …

Oxidative stress has been proposed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributed to β-amyloid (A β) generation. Interaction between …

Mitochondria play key roles in ATP supply, calcium homeostasis, redox balance control and
apoptosis, which in neurons are fundamental for neurotransmission and to allow synaptic …

Abnormal excessive production and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in selectively
susceptible brain regions are thought to be a key pathogenic mechanism underlying …

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability in children,
and the number of adults with DS reaching old age is increasing. By the age of 40years …

Several neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein misfolding (Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's disease) exhibit oxidative and nitrergic stress following initiation of …

Amyloids are protein aggregates bearing a highly ordered cross β structural motif, which
may be functional but are mostly pathogenic. Their formation, deposition in tissues and …

The aggregation and deposition of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain has been linked
with neuronal death, which progresses in the diagnostic and pathological signs of …