Therapeutic reinvigoration of tumor-specific T cells has greatly improved clinical outcome in
cancer. Nevertheless, many patients still do not achieve durable benefit. Recent evidence …

Cytotoxic T cell immunity in response to chronic infections and tumours is maintained by a
specialized population of CD8+ T cells that exhibit hallmarks of both exhausted and memory …

CD8+ T cells responding to chronic infections or tumors acquire an 'exhausted'state
associated with elevated expression of inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, and impaired …

Chronic infections promote the terminal differentiation (or" exhaustion") of T cells and are
thought to preclude the formation of memory T cells. In contrast, we discovered a small …

Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for immune escape by tumor cells. It plays
essential roles in tumor development and metastasis. The clinical outcomes of tumors are …

Chronic viral infections and malignant tumours induce T cells that have a reduced ability to
secrete effector cytokines and have upregulated expression of the inhibitory receptor PD1 …

Although the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) indicates an endogenous
antitumor response, immune regulatory pathways can subvert the effector phase and enable …

Antiretroviral therapy can suppress HIV replication to undetectable levels but does not
eliminate latent HIV, thus necessitating lifelong therapy. Recent efforts to target this …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can dampen the antitumor activity of T cells, yet the
underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that C1q+ TAMs …