The cloning of the founding member of the Hedgehog (HH) family of secreted proteins two
decades ago inaugurated a field that has diversified to encompass embryonic development …

Ubiquitylation is a major posttranslational modification that controls most complex aspects of
cell physiology. It is reversed through the action of a large family of deubiquitylating …

Cushing's disease, also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary
adenomas (PAs) that cause excess cortisol production, accounts for up to 85% of …

Newly synthesized transmembrane proteins undergo a series of steps to ensure that only
the required amount of correctly folded protein is localized to the membrane. The regulation …

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins regulate the development of a wide range of metazoan embryonic
and adult structures, and disruption of Hh signaling pathways results in various human …

Cell-cell communication through evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways governs
embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Deregulation of these signaling …

Substantial advances have been made recently in the pathobiology of pituitary tumors.
Similar to many other endocrine tumors, over the last few years we have recognized the role …

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as a therapeutic focus and target for
the treatment of cancer. The most clinically successful UPS-active agents (bortezomib and …

Abstract Frizzled (Fzd) proteins are Wnt receptors and play essential roles in development,
homeostasis, and oncogenesis. How Wnt/Fzd signaling is coupled to physiological …

Regulated trafficking of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) controls cilium-based
signaling pathways. β-Arrestin, a molecular sensor of activated GPCRs, and the BBSome, a …