The burden of disease caused by the contamination of ready-to-eat produce with common
waterborne microbial pathogens suggests that irrigation supplies should be closely …

Bacteriophages are an attractive alternative to faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), particularly as
surrogates of enteric virus fate and transport, due to their closer morphological and …

The amount of norovirus RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) in raw wastewater, collected from a
wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), can provide an indication of disease prevalence within …

Inappropriate usage of reclaimed wastewater has caused outbreaks of viral infectious
diseases worldwide. International and domestic guidelines for wastewater reuse stipulate …

Human noroviruses (NoV) are a leading cause of recreational waterborne illnesses and
responsible for the majority of viral-associated gastrointestinal illnesses nationwide. We …

Noroviruses are a leading cause of epidemic and pandemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE)
worldwide, and contaminated food and water are important routes for its transmission. Raw …

Human noroviruses (NoV) are the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis following
consumption of bivalve shellfish contaminated with fecal matter. NoV levels can be …

Many wastewater treatment technologies have been shown to remove bacterial pathogens
more effectively than viral pathogens and, in aquatic environments, levels of traditional …

From a health prospective, it is critical to provide a comprehensive model which integrates
all the parameters involved in virus transmission and its consequences on human body. In …

Safeguarding the seafood industry is important given its contribution to supporting our
growing global population. However, shellfish are filter feeders that bioaccumulate microbial …