It is imperative to search for appropriate processes to convert wastes into energy, chemicals,
and materials to establish a circular bio-economy toward sustainable development …

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy fields is a serious health concern because of its high
toxicity and widespread pollution. Recently, much progress has been made in elucidating …

Additional options for the sustainable treatment of municipal sludge are required due to the
significant amounts of sludge, high levels of nutrients (eg, C, N, and P), and trace …

With the rapid global population growth and industrial development, the promotion of
sustainable agricultural production and environmental conservation has attracted great …

In the current situation of a serious raw material crisis related to the disruption of supply
chains, the bioeconomy is of particular significance. Rising prices and the problem with the …

Cadmium (Cd), a major contaminant of concern, has been extensively reviewed and
debated for its anthropogenic global shifts. Cadmium levels in rice grains raise wide food …

Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) has emerged recently as a promising
thermochemical technique that can transfer organic solid residue (eg, biomass, sewage …

Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource, and its recovery and recycling are necessary
for meeting future P demands and environmental conservation. Ash and hydrochar from …

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology has increasingly been considered for
biomass conversion applications because of its economic and environmental advantages …

Traditional fertilizers are highly inefficient, with a major loss of nutrients and associated
pollution. Alternatively, biochar loaded with phosphorous is a sustainable fertilizer that …