Cilia establish the vertebrate left–right (LR) axis and are integral to the development and
function of the kidney, liver, and brain. Left–right asymmetry is established in the ciliated …

The sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) is a unique calcium transport system, generally
transporting calcium ions out of the cell in exchange for sodium ions. Nevertheless, under …

Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is essential for several aspects of embryogenesis,. In Drosophila,
Hh transduction is mediated by a cytoplasmic signalling complex,, that includes the putative …

The mitochondrial disulfide relay system of Mia40 and Erv1/ALR facilitates import of the
small translocase of the inner membrane (Tim) proteins and cysteine-rich proteins. A …

Developmental bioelectricity is the study of the endogenous role of bioelectrical signaling in
all cell types. Resting potentials and other aspects of ionic cell physiology are known to be …

Abstract Background Freshwater fish absorb Ca 2+ predominantly from ambient water, and
more than 97% of Ca 2+ uptake is achieved by active transport through gill mitochondrion …

Work in mouse has implicated cilia motility and leftward nodal flow as the mechanism for
breaking left‐right symmetry. In zebrafish, it is assumed that Kupffer's vesicle is analogous to …

Consistent laterality is a fascinating problem, and study of the Xenopus embryo has led to
molecular characterization of extremely early steps in left–right patterning: bioelectrical …

Left/right (L/R) asymmetry is essential during embryonic development for organ positioning,
looping and handed morphogenesis. A major goal in the field is to understand how embryos …

Intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) elevation on the left side of the mouse embryonic node or
zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle (KV) is the earliest asymmetric molecular event that is functionally …