Purpose Informed by ecological theories and models of influence, this review discusses
various psychosocial risk and protective factors that contribute to adolescent substance use …

Data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) reveal high numbers of adolescent substance use in the United …

Background: Most of the literature on the association between socioeconomic status (SES)
and health is focused on the protective effects of SES. However, a growing literature …

Research has demonstrated that exposure to violence can result in many negative
consequences for youth, but the degree to which neighborhood conditions may foster …

Background: Recent research has suggested vulnerability to perceived racial discrimination
(PRD) as a mechanism behind high levels of depression seen in high socioeconomic status …

Research has identified risks of both poverty and affluence for adolescents. This study
sought to clarify associations between income and youth mental and behavioral health by …

Associating with substance using peers is generally considered as one of the most important
predictors of adolescent substance use. However, peer association does not affect all …

There is growing interest in the role of the neighborhood environment on adolescent alcohol
use. Multi-level designs are ideally suited to this investigation due to their ability to examine …

The issue of whether place significantly affects spatial behavior has long created both a
philosophical and an operational schism within geography. Here we show how these …

BACKGROUND: This study examines whether residential neighborhood characteristics
influence the initiation of marijuana use and binge drinking, and if these neighborhood …