The patterns and processes of influenza virus evolution are of fundamental importance,
underpinning such traits as the propensity to emerge in new host species and the ability to …

Particulate matter (PM) is acknowledged to have multiple detrimental effects on human
health. In this review, we report literature results on the possible link between outdoor PM …

The dissemination of Influenza A virus (IAV) throughout the world has become one of the
main concerns for the health of both animals and human beings. An efficient and sensitive …

Abstract Models of host-microbe dynamics typically assume a single-host population
infected by a single pathogen. In reality, many hosts form multi-species aggregations and …

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a major health threat to both avian and human populations.
The ecology of the virus is driven by numerous factors, including climate and avian migration …

In order to better understand transmission dynamics and appropriately target control and
preventive measures, studies have aimed to identify who-infected-whom in actual outbreaks …

Each influenza pandemic was caused at least partly by avian-and/or swine-origin influenza
A viruses (IAVs). The timing of and the potential IAVs involved in the next pandemic are …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are endemic in swine and represent a public health risk. However,
there is limited information on the genetic diversity of swine IAVs within farrow-to-wean …

Parasites often jump to and become established in a new host species. There is much
evidence that the probability of such host shifts decreases with increasing phylogenetic …

Wild migratory birds are associated with global avian influenza virus (AIV) spread. Although
direct contact with wild birds and contaminated fomites is unlikely in modern non-free range …