The structure of neuronal circuits that subserve cognitive functions in the brain is shaped
and refined throughout development and into adulthood. Evidence from human and animal …

The introduction of high-resolution time lapse imaging and molecular biological tools has
changed dramatically the rate of progress towards the understanding of the complex …

Our brain serves as a center for cognitive function and neurons within the brain relay and
store information about our surroundings and experiences. Modulation of this complex …

Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are the most common
developmental disorders present in humans. Combined, they affect between 3 and 5% of …

One of the main research areas in biology from the mid‐1980s through the 1990s was the
elucidation of signaling pathways governing cell responses. These studies brought, among …

Histone methylation regulates chromatin structure and transcription. The recently identified
histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is chemically restricted to …

The Rho GTPases are implicated in almost every fundamental cellular process. They act as
molecular switches that cycle between an active GTP‐bound and an inactive GDP‐bound …

Excitatory synapses are formed on dendritic spines, postsynaptic structures that change
during development and in response to synaptic activity. Once mature, however, spines can …

Mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes lead to tuberous sclerosis complex
(TSC), a dominant hamartomatous disorder that often presents with mental retardation …

Genetic factors have an important role in the aetiology of mental retardation. However, their
contribution is often underestimated because in developed countries, severely affected …