A current hypothesis is that transforming growth factor-β signaling ligands, such as activin-A
and myostatin, play a role in vascular damage in atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease …

Introduction: Serum activin A has been reported to contribute to vascular calcification and
kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. We aimed to investigate whether higher serum …

Conduit arterial disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of cardiac
complications. Cardiac function in CKD has not been studied in the absence of arterial …

Background: A substantial proportion of health burden in diabetic individuals can be
attributed to cardiovascular complications. The increasing risk of cardiovascular …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a broad term that refers to several conditions that impact
the structure and function of the kidneys. Disease and management are classified according …