Biological systems include several well-known patterns with different forms and dimensions
(nano to macro) such as cracks, whiskers, hierarchical, interlocked, porous, and bristle-like …

Pheromones and other kinds of chemical communication underlie the behavior of all
animals. Building on the strengths of the first edition, widely recognized as the leading text in …

Aquatic vertebrates display a variety of control surfaces that are used for propulsion,
stabilization, trim and maneuvering. Control surfaces include paired and median fins in …

The direction of an odor signal source can be estimated from bilateral differences in signal
intensity and/or arrival time. The best-known examples of the use of arrival time differences …

Sharks are practically legendary for their sensory capabilities, with some of this reputation
deserved and some exaggerated. Accounts of sharks being able to smell or hear a single …

As apex predators, chondrichthyans, or cartilaginous fishes, hold an important position
within a range of aquatic ecosystems and influence the balance between species' …

Humans are pretty good at odour discrimination and recognition, but we rely on vision and
hearing to map our world and find that good-smelling coffee shop. Then we hear that sharks …

The olfactory organ of Chondrichthyes is characterized by a central support with several
lamellae covered by a sensory olfactory epithelium. Although secondary folds are present …

The sensory channels in the olfactory organs of modern sharks and rays (neoselachians)
are lined with fields of non‐sensory cilia. Using evidence from 31 species of neoselachian …

The microstructures of the oral cavity in sharks have received relatively little study, despite
their potential functional importance for gustation, feeding, and ventilation. Accordingly, here …