Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that has represented a major health
problem over the centuries and it has accounted for more human misery, suffering and loss …

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (HIV/AIDS) constitute the main burden of infectious disease in resource-limited …

SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act
synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction …

Measuring tuberculosis transmission is exceedingly difficult, given the remarkable variability
in the timing of clinical disease after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; incident disease …

Background Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at an
increased risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). It is known that treatment of latent TB …

The prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis are higher in
prisons than in the general population in most countries worldwide. Prisons have emerged …

Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among
children worldwide, particularly in the wake of the HIV epidemic. Increased international …

The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has emerged as an important early
complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings, especially in …

WHO estimates that 9 million people developed active tuberculosis in 2013 and 1· 5 million
people died from it. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) …

Rationale: In the absence of active tuberculosis, a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or
interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) result defines latent infection with Mycobacterium …