Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …

Many bacteria that cause diseases of humans, animals and plants use flagella to move. This
review summarises recent studies that have analysed the role of motility and chemotaxis in …

Allelic exchange is an efficient method of bacterial genome engineering. This protocol
describes the use of this technique to make gene knockouts and knock-ins, as well as single …

We report that, in a simple, static culture system, wild‐type Vibrio cholerae El Tor forms a
three‐dimensional biofilm with characteristic water channels and pillars of bacteria …

Sigma factors provide promoter recognition specificity to RNA polymerase holoenzyme,
contribute to DNA strand separation, and then dissociate from the core enzyme following …

Flagellar motility helps bacteria to reach the most favourable environments and to
successfully compete with other micro-organisms. These complex organelles also play an …

Salmonellae can exist in an asymptomatic carrier state in the human gallbladder. Individuals
with gallstones are more likely to become typhoid carriers, and antibiotic treatments are …

Promoters recognized by the RNA-polymerase with the alternative sigma factor σ54 (Eσ54)
are unique in having conserved positions around-24 and-12 nucleotides upstream from the …

Polar flagella of Vibrio species can rotate at speeds as high as 100,000 rpm and effectively
propel the bacteria in liquid as fast as 60 μm/s. The sodium motive force powers rotation of …

Throughout most of history, epidemic and pandemic cholera was caused by Vibrio cholerae
of the serogroup O1. In 1992, however, a V. cholerae strain of the serogroup O139 emerged …