Abstract Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling
between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with …

Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

Background: Angiogenesis is a dynamic process that involves expansion of a preexisting
vascular network that can occur in a number of physiological and pathological settings …

Endothelial tip cells guiding tissue vascularization are primary targets for angiogenic
therapies. Whether tip cells require differential signals to develop their complex branching …

Background: Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is an endothelial transmembrane serine
threonine kinase receptor for BMP family ligands that plays a critical role in cardiovascular …

The hierarchical organization of properly sized blood vessels ensures the correct distribution
of blood to all organs of the body, and is controlled via haemodynamic cues. In current …

Abstract Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the endothelial cell (EC)-enriched gene
endoglin (ENG) cause the human disease hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia-1 …

Arteriovenous malformations are a vascular anomaly typically present at birth, characterized
by an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein (bypassing the capillaries). These …

Systemic and pulmonary circulations constitute a complex organ that serves multiple
important biological functions. Consequently, any pathological processing affecting the …

Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is an endothelial serine–threonine kinase receptor for
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 9 and 10. Inactivating mutations in the ALK1 gene …