Macrophages are endowed with a variety of receptors for lineage-determining growth
factors, T helper (Th) cell cytokines, and B cell, host, and microbial products. In tissues …

The concept of an alternative pathway of macrophage activation has stimulated interest in its
definition, mechanism, and functional significance in homeostasis and disease. We assess …

The purpose of this perspective is to describe a critical advance in understanding how
immune responses work. Macrophages are required for all animal life:'Inhibit'type …

The vertebrate immune system has evolved in concert with a broad range of infectious
agents, including ubiquitous helminth (worm) parasites. The constant pressure of helminth …

Macrophages (MΦs) colonize tissues during inflammation in two distinct ways: recruitment of
monocyte precursors and proliferation of resident cells. We recently revealed a major role for …

Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (T reg) cells have been implicated in parasite-driven
inhibition of host immunity during chronic infection. We addressed whether parasites can …

Fasciolosis, a food‐borne trematodiasis, results following infection with the parasites,
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. These trematodes greatly affect the global …

Helminth parasites are a highly successful group of pathogens that challenge the immune
system in a manner distinct from rapidly replicating infectious agents. Of this group …

Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are severe chronic helminthic diseases caused by the
cystic growth or the intrahepatic tumour-like growth of the metacestode of Echinococcus …

Defining the immune mechanisms underlying protective immunity to helminth infection
remains an important challenge. Here we report that lung CD4+ T cells and Group 2 innate …