Disinfection means the killing of pathogenic organisms (eg bacteria and its spores, viruses,
protozoa and their cysts, worms, and larvae) present in water to make it potable for other …

Water pollution is one of the most critical issues worldwide and is a priority in all scientific
agendas. Green nanotechnology presents a plethora of promising avenues for wastewater …

Nanotechnology is being an emerging science for wastewater treatment requires more
research emphasis and depth knowledge. For wastewater treatment, different forms of …

Microbubbles (MBs) and nanobubbles (NBs) refer to bubbles of micrometer to nanometer
sizes. Due to several unique attributes, including long-term stability, negative surface …

Water supply around the globe is struggling to meet the rapidly increasing demand by the
population, drastic changes in climate and degrading water quality. Even though, many …

Membrane distillation (MD) is a non-isothermal separation process applied mainly in
desalination for the treatment of saline aqueous solutions including brines for distilled water …

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed during water disinfection has drawn significant
public concern due to its toxicity. Since the first discovery of the trihalomethanes in 1974 …

Over the last three decades, many studies have been conducted on smart cities. Studies
range from enhancing the quality of life for citizens to boosting the local economy, improving …

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are ubiquitously detected in drinking water and even persistent
after boiling due to their stability and nonvolatility, which leads to risk exposure to human. To …

Trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) is among of the nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-
DBPs) with high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which is usually detected at low concentration …