Lysozyme is a~ 14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and
mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate …

Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal
welfare assessment, including the activation status of the neuroendocrine and immune …

Fish epidermal mucus contains innate immune components, secreted by globlet cells that
provide the primary defence against different pathogenic microbes and act as a barrier …

The immune system of fish is very similar to vertebrates, although there are some important
differences. Fish are free-living organisms from the embryonic stage of life in their aquatic …

The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent
components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final …

As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are
also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and …

All metazoans possess innate immune defence system whereas parameters of the adaptive
immune system make their first appearance in the gnathostomata, the jawed vertebrates …

The decline in the fisheries of traditional marine species has been an incentive for the
diversification of today's aquaculture sector into the intensive rearing of many finfish species …

Experts are predicting that demand for marine fish oil will soon outstrip supply, creating
extreme urgency within the global aquafeed industry to find viable alternatives. Fish Oil …

Aim: To develop a probiotic with effectiveness against Aeromonas sp., which was
pathogenic to rainbow trout. Methods and Results: When Bacillus subtilis AB1, which was …