Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional
communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape …

The human gastrointestinal (gut) microbiota comprises diverse and dynamic populations of
bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, coexisting in a mutualistic relationship with …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, displaying
not only well-known motor deficits but also gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Consistently, it has …

Analysis of human pathology led Braak to postulate that α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology could
spread from the gut to brain via the vagus nerve. Here, we test this postulate by assessing α …

Background: Several studies suggested an important role of the gut microbiota in the
pathophysiology of neurological disorders, implying that alteration of the gut microbiota …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder that affects an
estimated 10 million sufferers worldwide. The two forms of PD include familial and sporadic …

Astrocytes, the largest and most numerous glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS),
play a variety of important roles in regulating homeostasis, increasing synaptic plasticity and …

Abstract Background Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently have gastrointestinal
symptoms (eg constipation) and exhibit the PD-typical pathohistology in the enteric nervous …

The gut microbiome is increasingly implicated in modifying susceptibility to and progression
of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In this review, we discuss roles for the microbiome in …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, which probably consists of
multiple subtypes. Aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein and propagation of these …