We review the characteristics of osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. Bone in
air breathing vertebrates is a specialized tissue that developmentally replaces simpler solid …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming
growth factor-β family of ligands. BMPs exhibit widespread utility and pleiotropic, context …

There remains a great need to develop therapeutic agents to treat critical size defects and
non-union fractures and one of the potential agents is recombinant human fibroblast growth …

Aims Vascular calcification is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fibroblast growth
factor-2 (FGF-2) plays an instructive role in osteogenesis and bone development, but its role …

Cancer of any type often can be described by an arrest, alteration or disruption in the normal
development of a tissue or organ, and understanding of the normal counterpart's …

The detailed interactions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with their extracellular matrix
(ECM) and the resulting effects on MSC differentiation are still largely unknown. Integrins are …

Living tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHV) would be a major benefit for children who
require a replacement with the capacity for growth and biological integration. A persistent …

Background With an ageing population, the incidence of bone loss and obesity are
increasing. Numerous studies emphasized the multidirectional differentiation ability of …

Controlling the adipo‐osteogenic lineage decision of trabecular human bone marrow
stromal cells (hBMSCs) in favor of osteogenesis represents a promising approach for …

Background: Understanding the pathophysiological process of calvarial bones development
is important for the treatments on relative diseases such as craniosynostosis. While, the role …