The rostral half of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and adjacent ventrolateral retropontine
region (henceforth RVLMRP) have been divided into various sectors by neuroscientists …

An interoceptive homeostatic system monitors levels of CO2/H+ and provides a
proportionate drive to respiratory control networks that adjust lung ventilation to maintain …

Respiratory chemoreceptor activity encoding arterial Pco2 and Po2 is a critical determinant
of ventilation. Currently, the relative importance of several putative chemoreceptor …

Rationale: Previous genetic studies of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have limitations in
terms of precise case definition, integrated quantitative traits, and interpretation of genetic …

Collectively, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) and adjacent C1 neurons regulate breathing,
circulation and the state of vigilance, but previous methods to manipulate the activity of these …

Respiratory chemoreceptors regulate breathing in response to changes in tissue CO2/H+.
Blood flow is a fundamental determinant of tissue CO2/H+, yet little is known regarding how …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease that results from loss of upper airway muscle
tone leading to upper airway collapse during sleep in anatomically susceptible persons …

Saporin is a ribosome-inactivating protein that can cause inhibition of protein synthesis and
causes cell death when delivered inside a cell. Development of commercial Saporin results …

Breathing is regulated by a host of arousal and sleep-wake state-dependent
neuromodulators to maintain respiratory homeostasis. Modulators such as acetylcholine …

Hyperventilation reliably provokes seizures in patients diagnosed with absence epilepsy.
Despite this predictable patient response, the mechanisms that enable hyperventilation to …