Background Ecological processes such as seedling establishment, biotic interactions, and
mortality can leave footprints on species spatial structure that can be detectable through …

Abstract Purpose of Review The forest structure generally refers to the configuration and
distribution of different plant species and sizes. Investigation and analysis of forest structures …

High-value timber species such as monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana Regel), castor
aralia (Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz), and Japanese oak (Quercus crispula …

Europe's forests provide vital habitat for biodiversity and essential ecosystem services
whose provision must be sustained or enhanced over the coming century. However, the …

Although approximately three decades ago the ecological role of big-sized trees (also
known as either large, large-diameter, mega, oversized or big trees) has been recognized in …

Old-growth forests (OGF) provide valuable ecosystem services such as habitat provision,
carbon sequestration or recreation maintaining biodiversity, carbon storage, or human well …

Recent observations of tree regeneration failures following large and severe disturbances,
particularly under warm and dry conditions, have raised concerns about the resilience of …

Large old trees are keystone ecological structures that provide vital ecosystem services to
humans. However, there are few large-scale empirical studies on patterns of diversity and …

High-value timber species play an important economic role in forest management. The
individual tree information for such species is necessary for practical forest management …

Populus euphratica Oliv.(Euphrates poplar), as the dominant tree species of desert riparian
forests along the Central Asian inland rivers, plays a critical role in protecting arid land …