Introduction The importance of hospital cleaning for controlling healthcare-associated
infection (HAI) has taken years to acknowledge. This is mainly because the removal of dirt is …

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) contribute to patient morbidity and mortality with an
estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths costing USD $28–34 billion annually in …

Nosocomial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the
pathogenic organisms responsible for such infections can develop resistance to …

Background: Failures in the processes of cleaning and disinfecting health service surfaces
may result in the spread and transfer of pathogens that are often associated with healthcare …

Healthcare-related infections are sustained by various bacteria and fungi. In recent years,
various technologies have emerged for the sanitation of healthcare-related environments …

Background Cleaning of surfaces is essential in reducing environmental bioburdens and
health care-associated infection in emergency units. However, there are few or no studies …

Background Cleaning and disinfection processes must be improved so that there is a
reduction in environmental contamination of frequent-contact surfaces. The objective of this …

Objective: to assess the correlation among the ATP-bioluminescence assay, visual
inspection and microbiological culture in monitoring the efficiency of cleaning and …

Objective: To discuss the methods employed to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical surface
cleaning and disinfection (C&D). Method: This is a theoretical reflection based on scientific …

Pericarp drying is a major postharvest challenge affecting the shelf life of litchi fruit resulting
in loss of market value and consumer rejection. Sulphur dioxide (SO 2) is considered an …