The demand for nitrogen (N) for crop production increased rapidly from the middle of the
twentieth century and is predicted to at least double by 2050 to satisfy the on-going …

Nitrogen fixing symbioses between plants and bacteria are ancient and, while not
numerous, are formed in diverse lineages of plants ranging from microalgae to …

Biological nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium-legume symbioses represents an environmentally
friendly and inexpensive alternative to the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers in legume …

Our current food production systems are unsustainable, driven in part through the
application of chemically fixed nitrogen. We need alternatives to empower farmers to …

Diverse plants and animals have evolved specialized structures to filter and house
beneficial microbes. These symbiotic organs form crucial points of exchange between host …

The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused considerable
environmental damage over the years. However, the growing demand for food in the coming …

Nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis is globally important in ecosystem functioning and agriculture, yet
the evolutionary history of nodulation remains the focus of considerable debate. Recent …

The capacity of beneficial microbes to compete for host infection—and the ability of hosts to
discriminate among them—introduces evolutionary conflict that is predicted to destabilize …

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plants.
As horizontally transmitted symbionts, the life cycle of rhizobia includes a free-living phase in …

As a green and renewable material, biomass-based carbon is one of the prospective
electrode materials for supercapacitors. Limited by their microstructure and composition, the …