Organs-on-a-chip, or OoCs, are microfluidic tissue culture devices with micro-scaled
architectures that repeatedly achieve biomimicry of biological phenomena. They are well …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an innovative manufacturing method with the
potential to revolutionize topical and transdermal dosage forms. Nowadays, it is established …

Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses both science and engineering,
which aims to design and fabricate devices capable of manipulating extremely low volumes …

Microneedle (MN) technology is an optimal choice for the delivery of drugs via the
transdermal route, with a minimally invasive procedure. MN applications are varied from …

As a new type of transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS), microneedles have garnered
significant attention for their noninvasiveness, portability, controllable drug administration …

Transdermal microneedles have demonstrated promising potential as an alternative to
typical drug administration routes for the treatment of various diseases. As microneedles …

Exosomes are naturally derived information carriers that present interest as drug delivery
systems. However, their vague cargo and isolation difficulties hinder their use in clinical …

Advancements in vat photopolymerization printing technology have enabled the fabrication
of components with varying mechanical properties within a single print job. Using a digital …

3D printing of microneedles (μNDs) for transdermal therapy has the potential to enable
patient personalization based on the target disease, site of application, and dosage …

Microneedles invade skin tissue in a minimally invasive manner, with a small traumatic
surface and slight pain. There is growing interest in the potential application of microneedle …