The fungal kingdom comprises a hyperdiverse clade of heterotrophic eukaryotes
characterized by the presence of a chitinous cell wall, the loss of phagotrophic capabilities …

Filamentous fungi are a large and ancient clade of microorganisms that occupy a broad
range of ecological niches. The success of filamentous fungi is largely due to their elongate …

Cell-to-cell communication is a prerequisite for differentiation and development in
multicellular organisms. This communication has to be tightly regulated to ensure that …

Multicellular filamentous fungi have septal pores that allow cytoplasmic exchange, and thus
connectivity, between neighboring cells in the filament. Hyphal wounding and other stress …

The soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani infects a broad range of plants worldwide and is
responsible for significant crop losses. Rhizoctonia solani AG3-PT attacks germinating …

Peroxisome-derived Woronin bodies of the Ascomycota phyla, and the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)-derived septal pore cap (SPC) of the Basidiomycota, are both fungal …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most extensive organelles in eukaryotic cells.
It performs crucial roles in protein and lipid synthesis and Ca2+ homeostasis. Most …

Pores in fungal septa enable cytoplasmic streaming between hyphae and their
compartments. Consequently, the mycelium can be considered unicellular. However, we …

The necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most economically important soil-
borne pathogens of crop plants. Isolates of R. solani AG1-IB are the major pathogens …

Establishment of the dikaryotic mycelium and formation of fruiting bodies are highly complex
developmental programmes that are activated by a combination of environmental cues. A …