The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the
regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting …

Although pulmonary fibrosis can occur in the absence of a clear‐cut inciting agent, and
without a clinically clear initial acute inflammatory phase, it is more commonly associated …

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are proteins capable of recognizing molecules
frequently found in pathogens (the so-called Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common diseases in the
gastrointestinal tract related to aberrant inflammation. Pyroptosis, which is characterized by …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-term, progressive, and recurrent intestinal
inflammatory disorder. The pathogenic mechanisms of IBD are multifaceted and associated …

Antibiotic use is increasing worldwide. However, the use of antibiotics is clearly associated
with changes in gut microbiome composition and function, and perturbations have been …

The intestine is a critical site of immune cell development that not only controls intestinal
immunity but extra‐intestinal immunity as well. Recent findings have highlighted important …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a pattern recognition receptor that is predominantly
located intracellularly in immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer …

The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide has resulted in a global
public health challenge. Intestinal fibrosis leading to stricture formation and bowel …

TLR8 is among the highest-expressed pattern-recognition receptors in the human myeloid
compartment, yet its mode of action is poorly understood. TLR8 engages two distinct ligand …