In critically ill patients, fluid infusion is aimed at increasing cardiac output and tissue
perfusion. However, it may contribute to fluid overload which may be harmful. Thus, volume …

Venous congestion has emerged as an important cause of renal dysfunction in patients with
cardiorenal syndrome. However, only limited progress has been made in differentiating this …

Background Organ congestion is a mediator of adverse outcomes in critically ill patients.
Point-Of-Care ultrasound (POCUS) is widely available and could enable clinicians to detect …

The importance of functional right ventricular failure and resultant splanchnic venous
congestion has long been under-appreciated and is difficult to assess by traditional physical …

The role of venous congestion in abnormal kidney function is being increasingly recognized.
It is well known that unresolved congestion is associated with adverse kidney and overall …

Venous congestion is an under-recognized contributor to mortality in critically ill patients.
Unfortunately, venous congestion is difficult to measure, and right heart catheterization …

Abstract Background Changes in Doppler flow patterns of hepatic veins (HV), portal vein
(PV) and intra-renal veins (RV) reflect right atrial pressure and venous congestion; the …

Background The importance of assessing venous congestion in ICU patients is widely
acknowledged, but its study is hampered by the lack of a practical evaluation tool. The …

The management of complex fluid and electrolyte disorders is central to the practice of
nephrologists. The sensitivity of physical examination alone to determine fluid status is …

Organ dysfunction in the setting of heart failure is mainly determined by backward
transmission of increased right atrial pressure. Although traditional point-of-care ultrasound …