Toxicity has evolved multiple times across the tree of life and serves important functions
related to hunting, defence and parasite deterrence. Toxins are produced either in situ by …

Mountains are the world's most important centers of biodiversity. The Sino-Himalayan
Mountains are global biodiversity hotspot due to their extremely high species richness and …

Aim The species diversity and endemism of tropical biotas are major contributors to global
biodiversity, but the factors underlying the formation of these systems remain poorly …

Montane small mammals are subjected to strong forces of dispersal limitation and habitat
filtering that mainly operate on their community structures along the altitudinal direction …

Common distributional patterns have provided the foundations of our knowledge of
Neotropical biogeography. A distinctive pattern is the “circum‐Amazonian distribution” …

During the present study, the evolutionary relationship within a clade of mountain clade of
freshwater crabs (Potamonautes) was examined using mtDNA sequence data for species …

Understanding the genetic basis of convergence at broad phylogenetic scales remains a
key challenge in biology. Kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae) are a cosmopolitan avian radiation …

Aim To investigate how and when allopatric populations of a widely spread mountain bird in
New Guinea, Amblyornis macgregoriae, have diversified, how they differ genetically, and …

Abstract Erek-Erek Geoforest (EEG) is one of the Biosites of Ijen Geopark located at the
eastern slope of Mount Ijen. This location has unique topography of highland forests …

Glacial cycles during the Pleistocene had profound impacts on local environments and
climatic conditions. In North America, some regions that currently support diverse biomes …