Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells engages with programmed
cell death-1 (PD-1) on immune cells, contributing to cancer immune escape. For multiple …

The last 3 years have seen the emergence of promising targeted therapies for the treatment
of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib has been the mainstay of treatment for a …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world
and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and …

Exosomal circRNA serves a novel genetic information molecule, facilitating communication
between tumor cells and microenvironmental cells, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and …

Background and Aims Recently, clinical trials of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in HCC have
displayed an impressive objective response rate. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism …

The engagement of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; encoded by the PDCD1 gene)
receptor expressed on activated T cells and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1; …

Attempts to develop MET-targeted therapies have historically focused on MET-expressing
cancers, with limited success. Thus, MET expression in the absence of a genomic marker of …

This review provides a comprehensive landscape of HGF/c-MET (hepatocyte growth factor
(HGF)/mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-MET)) signaling pathway in cancers. First …