Background A growing body of research has found a link between firearm availability and
police shootings of citizens across place. The problem, however, is that the previous studies …

American police face considerable criticism from the public about the perceived
unnecessary and excessive use of deadly force in civilian interactions. Police reform …

In the USA, fatal officer-involved shootings (OIS) persist as a topic of nationwide concern.
Still, due to a lack of reliable, public OIS data, research examining the predictors of these …

Use of force by the police has gained considerable research attention in recent years,
however, there is a limited understanding of officer use of force when responding to …

Abstract The New York Times reported that Black Lives Matter was the third most-read
subject of 2020. These articles brought to the forefront the question of disparity in arrest rates …

Contagious shooting is a phenomenon that has come into question regarding its existence.
Contagious shooting is when one or more law enforcement officers fire their firearm in …

In recent years research has revealed that there is incommensurate treatment toward Black
men at the hands of law enforcement, but there is minimal research that is dedicated to …

Citizens continue to experience negative interactions and unhealthy relationships with law
enforcement officers. Negative interactions and unhealthy relationships prolong the division …

Background: A growing body of research has found a link between firearm availability and
police shootings of citizens across place. The problem, however, is that the previous studies …