Protein kinases play a predominant regulatory role in nearly every aspect of cell biology and
they can modify the function of a protein in almost every conceivable way. Protein …

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) system represents a primary cell-signaling
pathway throughout systems and across species. PKA facilitates the actions of hormones …

INTRODUCTION Understanding drug mechanism poses the daunting challenge of
determining the affinity of the drug for all potential targets. Drug target engagement can be …

Since determination of the myoglobin structure in 1957, X-ray crystallography, as the
anchoring tool of structural biology, has played an instrumental role in deciphering the …

Protein kinases are dynamic molecular switches that have evolved to be only transiently
activated. Kinase activity is embedded within a conserved kinase core, which is typically …

Background Corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome is caused by tumors or
hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. The molecular pathogenesis of cortisol-producing adrenal …

Protein kinases are dynamically regulated signaling proteins that act as switches in the cell
by phosphorylating target proteins. To establish a framework for analyzing linkages between …

Our appreciation of the scope and influence of second messenger signaling has its origins
in pioneering work on the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Also called protein kinase A …

Hormones can transmit signals through adenosine 3ʹ, 5ʹ-monophosphate (cAMP) to
precise intracellular locations. The fidelity of these responses relies on the activation of …

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful high-resolution tool for
characterizing biomacromolecular structure, dynamics, and interactions. However, the …