Loss of functional β-cell mass is the key mechanism leading to the two main forms of
diabetes mellitus—type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …

We review the current knowledge of pancreas pathology in type 1 diabetes. During the last
two decades, dedicated efforts toward the recovery of pancreas from deceased patients with …

Insulin gene mutations are a leading cause of neonatal diabetes. They can lead to
proinsulin misfolding and its retention in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This results in …

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)-located protein with cytoprotective effects in neurons and pancreatic β cells in vitro and …

Background Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disease. Dysfunction and subsequent
loss of the β-cells in the islets of Langerhans through apoptosis ultimately cause a life …

Pancreatic β-cells are prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to their role in insulin
secretion. They require sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses to cope with this …

Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) is the most
prominent and evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein …

Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs) are endogenous antidiabetic and
antiinflammatory lipids. Here, we show that PAHSAs protect against type 1 diabetes (T1D) …

Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed,
by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing …

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that has beneficial
effects on dopamine neurons in both in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD) …